写作

Part IWriting(30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 有人赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……

2. 有人不赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是……

3. 我的看法。

【写作思路】

本文要求写一篇针对吸烟问题的议论文。要求写出赞同禁止吸烟、反对禁止吸烟以及自己对待这个问题的看法。

【参考范文】

Should Smoking Be Completely Banned?

Some people maintain that smoking should be completely banned.In their opinions, smoking is harmful not only to the smokers but also to the people around.Moreover, smoking is a waste of money.When one smokes a cigarette, he/she is actually burning money.

Other people do not agree.They believe that smoking helps to sharpen one’s mind and prevents one from sleeping.And smoking does not seem to shorten one’s life since many people who smoke live a long life.Also the government gets a lot of money from cigarette taxes.

In my view, everyone has the right to choose his/her own way of life, but one does not have the right to impose his/her way of life on other people.So smoking in public places should be banned but in some areas it can be allowed.

阅读

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say”or “whole-word”method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.

The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn”activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open”classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run”readers.

However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate”in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior.

Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is                  .

［A］only logical and natural   ［B］the expected position

［C］probably a mistake       ［D］merely effective instruction

63.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because                  .

［A］it overlooks decoding     ［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him

［C］he says it is boring       ［D］many schools continue to use this method

64.One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is             .

［A］look-say is simpler       ［B］phonics takes longer to learn

［C］look-say is easier to teach  ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more words

65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means                  .

［A］talk about shortly        ［B］start or cause

［C］compare with           ［D］oppose

66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

［A］Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant.

［B］The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.

［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.

［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.

【全文翻译】

从一开始就教孩子阅读是小学最重要的任务，但是依*教育者正确地处理这个任务会犯重大错误。许多学校仍继续使用被证明是无效的教学方法。教授如何开始阅读的“看与说”或者“全词”教学法具有强制力，这也许是有效指导阅读失败的最好例子。

全词阅读方法强调单词的含义超过强调字母的含义，考虑把拼写和读音的关系用于阅读，发展认识熟悉单词的能力超过发展认识不熟悉单词读音的能力。它适合于教室“开放” 的倡导者们所推荐的自我指导的、“学习如何学习”的活动，也符合孩子们必须发展地准备开始阅读的理念。1963年以前的出版物都是教授使用全词阅读方法的。

然而，在1955年，Rudolf Flesch点燃了开始阅读中的“伟大辩论”。在他的畅销书《为什么约翰尼不能阅读》中，Flesch控诉公立学校使用“看与说”的方法对学生进行错误的教育。他说，另外一种建立在语音学基础上的开始阅读的方法要好得多。后来，Jeane Chall 和Rovert Dykstra证明了它是一种更学术性的学习方法。

首先，系统语音教孩子们 把字母和字母组合与读音联系在一起。然后，教他们如何把这些读音组合起来说话。它传授给孩子们一种规则，通过这种规则可以学会英语中绝大多数最常见单词的发音，而不是把记忆中相对有限的单词堆积在一起。语音学并不是贬低思考单词和句子意义的重要性，它只是承认把拼写和读音的关系用于阅读是合乎逻辑的、必要的第一步。

【答案解析】

62.【解析】［C］细节题。本题的线索是第一段的第二句话，其中的relying on educators与题干中的counting on educators 是相同的意思。

63.【解析】［A］细节题。作者先在第一段的最后一句说“look-say”或“whole-word”的阅读教学方法是失败的，第二段分析了这种方法失败的原因，是因为它“stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding ...”。

64.【解析】［D］推断题。文章在最后一段谈到了phonics method的特点和好处，本题线索见该段的第二句话“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可见这种方法能使学习者获得更大的词汇量。

65.【解析】［B］词义题。本题要求利用上下文猜测单词的意思。根据第二段的最后一句，在1963年以前，出版的东西都是教授使用whole-word的方法的，紧接着用了转折词however，说在1955年，Rudolf Flesch “touched off”一场争论，因此此处的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。

66.【解析】［C］推断题。本题要求有较好的综合能力才能做得既快又准。从第二段中综合出whole-word阅读方法的特点：强调单词的意思，没有decoding；由此即可知B、D是错的；在文章的最后一句话，作者指出Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences，所以A也是不对的。

翻译

Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)

Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87.Not only              (他向我收费太高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.

88.The murderer               (混在人群当中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Minister whenever he seized a chance.

89.The emergence of e-commerce and the fas-growing Internet economy are              (为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).

90.That Canadian speaks Chinese              (和他说英语一样流利).

91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was              (忙着准备) her examination.

答案

87. did he charge me too much / did he overcharge me

88. mingled with the crowds

89. providing new growth opportunities for China’s foreign and domestic trade

90. as fluently as he speaks English

91. busy preparing for