一、增加原文中省略的部分

（一）增补回答句中省略的词语

Do you like sport? Yes, I do.

你喜欢体育运动吗？是的，我喜欢体育运动。

Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopedia? Both, please.

给你带一本词典来还是带一本百科全书来？请把两样都带来。

Are you tired? Not very.

你累了吗？不太累。

（二）增补并列结构中省略的词语

We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。

我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。（we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat）

A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.

愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。（a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted）

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。

（三）增补表示逻辑关系或者平衡结构的词语

Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?

如果对自己的错误都不能认识到，怎么能指望你会悔改呢？

Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.

假设准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？

Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.

因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任一物体都会受到空气的作用力

Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.

学生应该想老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。

二、增加意义上或修辞上的需要上的部分

（一）增加动词

He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.

他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。

He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation.

他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。

After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting.

在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。

（二）增加形容词或者副词

What a leader he was!

他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊。

The crowds melted away.

人群渐渐散开了。

As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.

他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。

（三）增加名词

1．在不及物动词后面增加名词

Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.

他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。

He never drinks before driving.

他开车前从不喝酒。

Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.

哈丽特阿姨时常慷慨地款待客人。

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2．在形容词前增加名词

This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.

这部打字机真是价廉物美。

A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.

一种新型的飞机正越来截止引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。

3．在抽象名词后增加名词

如：

to innovate革新——innovation革新措施

to evolve进化——evolution进化过程

to solve解决——solution解决方法

to derive推导——derivation推导过程

to persuade说服——persuasion说服工作

to prepare准备——preparation准备工作

backward落后——backwardness落后状态

tense紧张——tension紧张局势

arrogant自满——arrogance自满情绪

mad疯狂——madness疯狂行为

antagonistic敌对——antagonism敌对态度

redundant多余——redundancy多余信息

After all preparations were made, our meeting will begin.

一切准备工作就绪以后，会议就开始。

They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East.

他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势。

（四）增加表示名词复数的词

1．增加重迭词表示复数

Flowers bloom all over the yard.

朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。

Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.

记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。

There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.

一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。

2．增加数词或其他词表示复数

The lion is the king of animals.

狮是百兽之王。

We have to face different problems.

我们得面对各种不同的问题。

Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon.

直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论了我的各项建议。

（五）增加表达时态的词

1．对某种时间概念作强调时，往往要加一些词。

Ihad known two great social systems.

那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。（这里除了用“过”字外，还增加了“那时以前”，强调过去完成的动作。）

The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.

那位老人已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。

2．强调时间上的对比时，往往需要加一些词

Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.

人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。

I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.

我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。

The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird.

该高空飞机过去是现在仍然是一种了不起的飞机。