一、句式变化

1. 变换句子的开头结构

名词做主语

介词短语作状语

副词作状语

状语从句

分词短语作状语

形容词短语作状语

主语从句

不定式短语做主语或状语

动名词做主语

To begin with, even in such areas as computer science, where it is estimated that much of what a student learns today will be obsolete in just five years, an advanced degree and the education it represents will continue to be of benefit. Unlike undergraduate education, which is divided into a number of small educational units every term, post-baccalaureate education is concentrated on deeper learning in fewer areas. Moreover, most graduate education requires extended, critical focus on complex issues or research projects. And even if the technical information relevant to completing a graduate-level project becomes outmoded, the learned critical methods and problem-solving approaches will not.

2. 使用不同的句型结构

Today’s education system places too much emphasis on students’ desires rather than their needs. Accordingly, students are searching for the easy way out, and educators are willingly conspiring with them. As opposed to this trend, I would argue that students should study what is presented to them rather than what is desired by them. Not only should educators determine the curriculum, but also they should strive to insure that each individual student truly gains from his/her education, rather than just breezes through it.

二、承上启下

1. 表示结论

in conclusion

in sum

to conclude

to sum up

2. 表示肯定程度

certainly

clearly

obviously

plainly

apparently

surely

undoubtedly

naturally

for certain

for sure

of course

never

always

possibly

perhaps

likely

probably

potentially

presumably

to some extend

in a large sense

generally speaking

in a sense

generally

in some sense

normally

ideally

3. 引出新观点

first

second

third

finally

in the first place

in the second place

last but not least

first of all

next

another

In addition

additionally

further

furthermore

moreover

also

likewise

similarly

more importantly

imagine

suppose

most importantly

for one thing

for another

4. 引出详细解释

specifically

particularly

for example

for instance

in this case

in that case

as well as

in that

such as

in addition to

5. 表示对照或其他观点

otherwise

however

nevertheless

though

although

yet

meanwhile

while

But

instead

still

anyway

unlike

on the contrary

by contrast

by comparison

in any case

at any rate

in spite of

rather than

on the one hand

on the other hand

even if

apart from

instead of

even so

6. 表示证据出现

since

because

actually

in fact

as a matter of fact

as a result

due to

owing to

7. 表示推理

as a result

accordingly

consequently

hence

thus

ultimately

thereby

therefore

as a consequence

if so

if not

according to

8. 表示反复说明

in other words

briefly

that is